Introduction
In another timeline, in another world, a significant military intervention in North America is already underway, unlike any seen in recent years. The Multinational Security Support Mission to Haiti (MSS) was authorized by the UN Security Council in October 2023 and was expected to begin operations by the end of May. Led by Kenyan forces, this mission aimed to dismantle the gangs that have driven Haiti to the brink of collapse. As May approached, all seemed ready: the international airport in Port-au-Prince reopened, and American soldiers were seen on the tarmac. By May 25th, 200 Kenyan police officials were preparing to lead an intervention backed by forces from Jamaica, Chad, Bangladesh, and the Bahamas. But then, nothing happened. No battles, no road seizures, no occupation of vital infrastructure. On May 27th, the Kenyan detachment boarded a plane and left Haiti, leaving behind a nation in chaos.
Background of the Multinational Security Support Mission (MSS)
Authorization and Initial Plans
The MSS was authorized in October 2023, following a request by Ariel Henry, Haiti’s then-leader, in the fall of 2022. Henry and his cabinet implored the international community to send a military force to quell the escalating violence. At that time, Haiti’s murder rate was alarmingly high but had not yet reached the stratospheric levels seen in 2024.
Current Situation in Haiti
Fast forward to 2024, and the first three months alone saw an estimated 2,500 deaths. A recent study by Médecins Sans Frontières suggests Haiti’s murder rate could be underreported by up to 70%, making it possibly the highest in the Americas. The MSS, as agreed by the UN Security Council, involves 2,200 police officers from multiple nations, primarily Caribbean and African, with Kenya and Jamaica playing pivotal roles.
The Delays and Reasons Behind Them
Infrastructure and Logistical Challenges
The intervention’s delay from May to June was due to several logistical issues. The American-built base intended for MSS operations was only 70% complete, lacking secure armory storage. Additionally, there were concerns about the lack of helicopters for medical evacuations, crucial for an urban deployment against well-armed gangs.
Political Turbulence
Further complicating matters, Kenya’s initial deployment in March was postponed due to political upheaval in Haiti, which saw Ariel Henry replaced by a transitional presidential council. Although the council appointed a new interim prime minister, Gary Conille, the sense of unease persisted, questioning the intervention’s legitimacy and sufficiency to combat Haiti’s powerful gangs.
The MSS Plan and Challenges
Mission Objectives
The MSS aims to support the overwhelmed Haitian National Police (HNP) in combating gangs controlling over 90% of Port-au-Prince. The mission involves securing critical facilities and infrastructure, with Kenyan and Jamaican police leading the effort. The United States, Canada, France, and Spain have financially backed the mission, pledging significant funds for equipment and operational costs.
The Gangs’ Growing Power
Haiti’s gangs, originally created as paramilitary enforcers for political and business elites, have become a formidable force. With military-grade weapons and a combined strength, these gangs now control large parts of the capital and strategic countryside areas, exacerbating the country’s dire humanitarian crisis.
Prospects for the MSS: Success or Failure?
Pessimistic View
Critics argue that the MSS may struggle to succeed. The mission’s initial deployment is limited to 200 officers at a time, potentially making it vulnerable to coordinated gang attacks. The Haitian National Police, plagued by corruption and desertion, may not provide adequate support, further complicating the mission’s objectives.
Optimistic View
On the other hand, some experts believe the MSS could succeed due to the gangs’ lack of serious fighting experience. The Kenyan border guards, with experience against terror groups like al-Shabab, may prove too formidable for the gangs. A strong demonstration of force could potentially dissuade gang members from continuing their activities.
Haiti’s Underlying Issues
The Role of the Elites
Haiti’s problems are deeply rooted in its elite’s actions. Political and business leaders have long used gangs to exert pressure and eliminate rivals. Without addressing this parasitic elite class, any intervention may only provide a temporary respite.
Need for Long-term Solutions
To achieve lasting stability, Haiti requires comprehensive political reforms and a focus on addressing the root causes of its crisis. While the MSS may provide short-term relief, the international community and Haitian leaders must work towards sustainable solutions to prevent future crises.
Conclusion
The Multinational Security Support Mission to Haiti stands at a critical juncture, with its potential for success or failure hanging in the balance. The mission faces significant challenges, from logistical delays to the formidable power of Haiti’s gangs. Yet, it also represents a glimmer of hope for a nation in desperate need of stability. As the international community watches and waits, the future of Haiti remains uncertain, teetering between recovery and further collapse.
FAQs
What is the MSS?
The Multinational Security Support Mission (MSS) is a UN-authorized intervention led by Kenyan forces, aiming to support Haiti’s police in combating gang violence.
Why was the MSS delayed?
The delay was due to logistical issues, including incomplete infrastructure and insufficient medical evacuation capabilities.
Who are the key players in the MSS?
Kenya and Jamaica are the primary contributors, with financial backing from the United States, Canada, France, and Spain.
What challenges does the MSS face?
Challenges include powerful gangs, logistical delays, political instability, and a potentially insufficient number of police officers.
What is the root cause of Haiti’s crisis?
Haiti’s crisis stems from elite corruption and the manipulation of gangs for political and business purposes.
